ElNino
Nino refers to the difference in the sea surface temperatures (SST) compared to the temperature anomalies. Nino is observed in the pacific region which is denoted as pacific 3.4 region. Here the ElNino refers to the increase in SST against anomalies. ElNino interplays with the monsoon of the Indian subcontinent and the adjoining Indian Ocean . If ElNino is present in the 3.4 region coupled with negative IOD and in the presence of MJO causes heavy rainfall events during NE monsoon. For example 2015 was such an year that all above mentioned phenomenons were at its peak causing more number of systems to form in North Indian ocean basin which caused torrential downpour that ultimately ended with flood.
LaNina
LaNina refers to the decrease in SST against the anomalies. LaNina occurs in the same NiNo 3.4 region in the pacific basin. During this event most of the times it has spoiled the NE monsoon resulting in drought and water scarcity. For example 2016 was such an year that LaNina phenomenon coupled with neutral IOD and the absence of the MJO caused poor rainfall stats in the country except a single cyclone Vardhah(Red Rose) that too can't able push the rainfall charts in that year.
Fig 2 shows the ElNino/LaNina event for the past 65years and its amlitude.
Fig 3 shows the current year event that shows the possible occurence of weak LaNina event or neutral ENSO .
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